Voici deux textes intéressants à propos de l'utilisation de la mélatonine chez l'enfant.
https://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news76502.html
Warning on use of drug for children's sleep
Wednesday, 25 February 2015
Sleep researchers at the University of Adelaide are warning doctors and parents not to provide the drug melatonin to children to help control their sleep problems.
In a paper published in the
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,
Professor David Kennaway, Head of the Circadian Physiology Laboratory at the University of Adelaide's
Robinson Research Institute, warns that providing melatonin supplements to children may result in serious side effects when the children are older.
"Melatonin is registered in Australia as a treatment for primary insomnia only for people aged 55 years and over, but it's easily prescribed as an 'off label' treatment for sleep disorders for children."
Professor Kennaway says there is extensive evidence from laboratory studies that melatonin causes changes in multiple physiological systems, including cardiovascular, immune and metabolic systems, as well as reproduction in animals.
"Melatonin is also a registered veterinary drug which is used for changing the seasonal patterns of sheep and goats, so they are more productive for industry. If doctors told parents that information before prescribing the drug to their children, I'm sure most would think twice about giving it to their child," Professor Kennaway says.
"The word 'safe' is used very freely and loosely with this drug, but there have been no rigorous, long-term safety studies of the use of melatonin to treat sleep disorders in children and adolescents.
"Considering the small advances melatonin provides to the timing of sleep, and considering what we know about how melatonin works in the body, it is not worth the risk to child and adolescent safety," he says.
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/if-i-send-my-kid-to-bed-with-melatonin-will-it-hurt-him/article13100349/
(Globe and mail, juillet 2013)
Doctors are warning parents about the risks of giving their children melatonin supplements – an increasingly popular solution to achieve a desired bedtime – as the supplement is not regulated and the effects on a child’s development are largely unknown.
“The long-term safety data is simply not there,” says Dr. Mark Feldman, director of community pediatrics at the University of Toronto.
While sleep disorders in children are a common problem, summer brings its own challenges with longer daylight hours, changes in routine and often a relaxation of rules – all of which can make it harder to get the kids into bed and sleeping soundly.
Approximately one in four parents complain to their family doctor that their child has trouble sleeping, according to Dr. Shelly Weiss, a neurologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.
Pediatricians say they have seen a sharp increase in recent years of parents giving melatonin supplements to their kids to make bedtime easier.
Melatonin is naturally produced by the body in the pineal gland, which releases the hormone in response to several factors, including the amount of light and both physical and mental activity.
“It sort of tricks our own biological clock into thinking that it’s nighttime a little earlier,” Feldman says.
Health Canada classifies melatonin as a natural health product and stresses that it should only be used to treat sleep disorders in adults.
“We wouldn’t recommend it for the average healthy kid,” says Feldman, one of the authors of the report.
It is unclear whether there is a long-term downside to children taking melatonin, because widespread use of the supplement by children is a relatively recent issue. In a report released last summer, the Canadian Paediatric Society emphasized that no long-term studies have been done on its safety or effectiveness.
But other experts disagree, arguing melatonin use is safe. Dr. James Jan, a neurologist who has been studying the impact of melatonin on children for the past 32 years, says he has not seen any long-term side-effects.
“There is no risk in large doses, because once the body is flooded with melatonin, what’s not needed is washed out,” Jan says.
But because melatonin is a hormone, Weiss says, it could delay a child’s development during puberty.
“You’re giving a natural hormone in an unnatural amount,” Weiss says.
There’s also the risk that a child will come to rely on the melatonin supplements to fall asleep.
“It’s a psychological risk – you’re using a pill instead of using good sleep hygiene,” Weiss says, noting that you’re teaching the child that healthy sleep depends on a pill.
Melatonin should not be ruled out entirely. It can effectively be used to combat jet lag, or in more serious cases of children with neurological or behavioural disorders.
At the end of the day, pediatricians say parents need to think twice before reaching for the pills and work with their doctor to get to the bottom of their child’s sleeping problems.
“The most important thing is to talk to their physician about the cause of their insomnia,” Weiss says.
SUMMER SLEEPING TIPS
- Establish a regular time to wake up and go to bed, and stick to it – even on weekends. “If you go to bed at different times, it’s harder to fall asleep.”
- Remove all electronics from a child’s room. No TV, no computer, no cellphone. “They’re just so distracting,” Dr. Feldman says.
- Make sure your child gets regular exercise.
