Drug side effect linked with increased health risks for over 65s

Diane Fortin, aimerait bien avoir nos avis sur le sujet suivant: les dangers d'une prise multiple de médicaments avec effet anticholinergique sur les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus.

Voici un extrait d'un communiqué de l'University of East Anglia, ce qui se rapproche le plus d'après elle, de l'article du Journal of the American Geriatrics Society auquel elle n'a malheureusement pas accès.

A side effect of many commonly used drugs appears to increase the risks of both cognitive impairment and death in older people, according to new research led by the University of East Anglia.

As part of the Medical Research Council’s Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS) project, the study is the first systematic investigation into the long term health impacts of ‘anticholinergic activity’ – a known potential side effect of many prescription and over the counter drugs which affects the brain by blocking a key neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. The findings are published today (24 juin 2011) by the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

Medicines with some degree of anticholinergic effect are wide-ranging and many are frequently taken by older people. The groups with the greatest impact include: anti-depressants such as Amitriptyline, Imipramine and Clomipramine; tranquilisers such as Chlorpromazine and Trifluoperazine; bladder medication such as Oxybutynin; and antihistamines such as Chlorphenamine. Other drugs with an anticholinergic effect include: Atenolol, Furosemide and Nifedipine for heart problems; painkillers such as Codeine and Dextropropoxyphene; the asthma treatment Beclometasone; the epilepsy treatment Carbamazepine; and Timolol eyedrops which are used for glaucoma.

The large cohort study was launched as part of the drive to find ways of reducing risk factors for dementia which affects 820,000 people in the UK. The UEA researchers worked in collaboration with colleagues at University of Cambridge, Indiana University and National Health Service clinicians.

More than 13,000 men and women aged 65 and over from across the UK were included in the two-year study. Around half were found to use a medication with potential anticholinergic properties.

In the study, each drug taken by the participants was given a ranking based on the strength of its anticholinergic activity, or AntiCholinergic Burden (ACB) - 0 for no effect, 1 for mild effect, 2 for moderate effect and 3 for severe effect.

The key findings were:

• Twenty per cent of participants taking drugs with a total ACB of four or more had died by the end of the two-year study, compared with only seven per cent of those taking no anticholinergic drugs - the first time a link between anticholinergics and mortality has been shown.

• For every additional ACB point scored, the odds of dying increased by 26 per cent.

• Participants taking drugs with a combined ACB of five or more scored more than four per cent lower in a cognitive function test than those taking no anticholinergic medications – confirming evidence from previous smaller studies of a link between anticholinergics and cognitive impairment.

• The increased risks from anticholinergic drugs were shown to be cumulative, based on the number of anticholinergic drugs taken and the strength of each drug’s anticholinergic effect.

• Those who were older, of lower social class, and with a greater number of health conditions tended to take the most anticholinergic drugs.

Lead author Dr Chris Fox, clinical senior lecturer at Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, said: “This is the first large scale study into the long-term impact of medicines which block acetylcholine - a common brain neurotransmitter - on humans, and our results show a potentially serious effect on mortality. Clinicians should conduct regular reviews of the medication taken by their older patients, both prescribed and over the counter, and wherever possible avoid prescribing multiple drugs with anticholinergic effects.


A group of scientists led by the Regenstrief Institute in Indianapolis, US, supported by scientists from Norwich Medical School at UEA, and the NHS, developed the AntiCholinergic Burden scale (www.indydiscoverynetwork.org/AnticholinergicCognitiveBurdenScale.html). Dr Malaz Boustani, Associate Professor of Medicine at Indiana University, who reviews the benefits and harms of these medications with patients at the Wishard Healthy Aging Brain Centre in Indianapolis, said: “Our findings make it clear that clinicians need to review the cumulative anticholinergic burden in people presenting with cognitive impairment to determine if the drugs are causing decline in mental status. Every clinician has the duty to protect the brains of their patients and every patient needs to bring over the counter and prescription drugs to their doctor’s appointment for a comprehensive review.”

CFAS is a large, multi-centre initiative launched 20 years ago to examine health and cognitive function in older adults. The study was conducted in Nottingham, Newcastle, Liverpool, Wales, Oxford and Cambridgeshire. See www.cfas.ac.uk.



Voici le lien pour l'article complet et vous y trouverez aussi le lien pour la liste des médicaments avec leur potentiel anticholinergique.
http://www.uea.ac.uk/mac/comm/media/press/2011/June/drughealthrisk